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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that produces and secretes hormones that regulate many important functions in the body. The two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are collectively known as thyroid hormones.
Thyroids hormones play a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism, or the rate at which the body burns energy. They do this by interacting with receptors in cells throughout the body to increase or decrease the production of certain proteins and enzymes that control the rate of metabolic processes. This affects many different bodily functions, including:
The production and secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain, which release hormones that signal the thyroids gland to produce more or less thyroids hormones as needed.
When the thyroids gland is not functioning properly, it can result in either an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Hyperthyroidism can cause symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety, while hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
To diagnose thyroid problems, doctors may perform a blood test to measure levels of thyroids hormones, as well as other tests such as an ultrasound or biopsy of the thyroids gland. Treatment may involve medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine therapy, depending on the underlying condition and severity of symptoms.
